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Let X be a set of urelements, and let V(X) be the superstructure with X as its set of individuals. Let kappa be a cardinal number. An enlargement V(^*X) is kappa-saturated ...

A Saunders graphic is a plot of the dth base-b digits of a function f(x,y) as a function of x and y. The plots above show Saunders graphics for the functions ...

In n dimensions for n>=5 the arrangement of hyperspheres whose convex hull has minimal content is always a "sausage" (a set of hyperspheres arranged with centers along a ...

A low-pass filter which is useful for smoothing data.

The partial differential equation u_t+45u^2u_x+15u_xu_(xx)+15uu_(xxx)+u_(xxxxx)=0.

The sawtooth wave, called the "castle rim function" by Trott (2004, p. 228), is the periodic function given by S(x)=Afrac(x/T+phi), (1) where frac(x) is the fractional part ...

A scalar is a one-component quantity that is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system.

The scalar curvature, also called the "curvature scalar" (e.g., Weinberg 1972, p. 135; Misner et al. 1973, p. 222) or "Ricci scalar," is given by R=g^(mukappa)R_(mukappa), ...

A map f:R^n|->R which assigns each x a scalar function f(x).

A function f(x_1,...,x_n) of one or more variables whose range is one-dimensional, as compared to a vector function, whose range is three-dimensional (or, in general, ...