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A generalization of an ordinary two-dimensional surface embedded in three-dimensional space to an (n-1)-dimensional surface embedded in n-dimensional space. A hypersurface is ...

Given a geodesic triangle (a triangle formed by the arcs of three geodesics on a smooth surface), int_(ABC)Kda=A+B+C-pi. Given the Euler characteristic chi, intintKda=2pichi, ...

A curvature such as Gaussian curvature which is detectable to the "inhabitants" of a surface and not just outside observers. An extrinsic curvature, on the other hand, is not ...

A parameterization is isothermal if, for zeta=u+iv and phi_k(zeta)=(partialx_k)/(partialu)-i(partialx_k)/(partialv), the identity phi_1^2(zeta)+phi_2^2(zeta)+phi_3^2(zeta)=0 ...

Consider the plane quartic curve X defined by x^3y+y^3z+z^3x=0, where homogeneous coordinates have been used here so that z can be considered a parameter (the plot above ...

A two-dimensional planar closed surface L which has a mass M and a surface density sigma(x,y) (in units of mass per areas squared) such that M=int_Lsigma(x,y)dxdy. The center ...

The azimuthal coordinate on the surface of a sphere (theta in spherical coordinates) or on a spheroid (in prolate or oblate spheroidal coordinates). Longitude is defined such ...

A surface constructed by placing a family of figure-eight curves into R^3 such that the first and last curves reduce to points. The surface has parametric equations x(u,v) = ...

A point of a function or surface which is a stationary point but not an extremum. An example of a one-dimensional function with a saddle point is f(x)=x^3, which has f^'(x) = ...

A surface harmonic of degree l which is premultiplied by a factor r^l. Confusingly, solid harmonics are also known as "spherical harmonics" (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. ...