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A hedgehog is an envelope parameterized by its Gauss map (Martinez-Maure 1996). Viewed another way, a hedgehog is a Minkowski difference of a convex body (Martinez-Maure ...

The Lehmer cotangent expansion for which the convergence is slowest occurs when the inequality in the recurrence equation b_k>=b_(k-1)^2+b_(k-1)+1. (1) for ...

There are two versions of the moat-crossing problem, one geometric and one algebraic. The geometric moat problems asks for the widest moat Rapunzel can cross to escape if she ...

Let V be a real symmetric matrix of large order N having random elements v_(ij) that for i<=j are independently distributed with equal densities, equal second moments m^2, ...

An apodization function (also called a tapering function or window function) is a function used to smoothly bring a sampled signal down to zero at the edges of the sampled ...

The cuboctahedral graph is an Archimedean quartic symmetric graph on 12 nodes and 24 edges that is the skeleton of the cuboctahedron, as well as the uniform ...

The distance between two points is the length of the path connecting them. In the plane, the distance between points (x_1,y_1) and (x_2,y_2) is given by the Pythagorean ...

The Lyapunov characteristic exponent [LCE] gives the rate of exponential divergence from perturbed initial conditions. To examine the behavior of an orbit around a point ...

The Fourier transform is a generalization of the complex Fourier series in the limit as L->infty. Replace the discrete A_n with the continuous F(k)dk while letting n/L->k. ...

A matrix is a concise and useful way of uniquely representing and working with linear transformations. In particular, every linear transformation can be represented by a ...