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Two sets A and B are said to be independent if their intersection A intersection B=emptyset, where emptyset is the empty set. For example, {A,B,C} and {D,E} are independent, ...

Define the juggler sequence for a positive integer a_1=n as the sequence of numbers produced by the iteration a_(k+1)={|_a_k^(1/2)_| for even a_k; |_a_k^(3/2)_| for odd a_k, ...

Every nonplanar graph contains either the utility graph K_(3,3) (i.e., the complete bipartite graph on two sets of three vertices) or the pentatope graph K_5 as a ...

A tree with its nodes labeled. The number of labeled trees on n nodes is n^(n-2), the first few values of which are 1, 1, 3, 16, 125, 1296, ... (OEIS A000272). Cayley (1889) ...

Given a 111×111 (0,1)-matrix, fill 11 spaces in each row in such a way that all columns also have 11 spaces filled. Furthermore, each pair of rows must have exactly one ...

A lattice-ordered set is a poset (L,<=) in which each two-element subset {a,b} has an infimum, denoted inf{a,b}, and a supremum, denoted sup{a,b}. There is a natural ...

A short theorem used in proving a larger theorem. Related concepts are the axiom, porism, postulate, principle, and theorem. The late mathematician P. Erdős has often been ...

Multiple edges are two or more edges connecting the same two vertices within a multigraph. Multiple edges of degree d_(ij) between vertex i and vertex j correspond to an ...

The network flow problem considers a graph G with a set of sources S and sinks T and for which each edge has an assigned capacity (weight), and then asks to find the maximum ...

Every position of every impartial game has a nim-value, making it equivalent to a nim-heap. To find the nim-value (also called the Sprague-Grundy number), take the mex of the ...