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An R-module M is said to be unital if R is a commutative ring with multiplicative identity 1=1_R and if 1m=m for all elements m in M.

If the property of being an object is expressed by a basic predicate of the system, then such a predicate (if it exists) is called a universal predicate, or universal ...

A property of individuals which is shared by every individual.

The quantifier "for all" ( forall ), sometimes also known as the "general quantifier."

A universal sentence is a sentence (i.e., formula of the predicate calculus without free variables) whose variables are universally quantified.

A set fixed within the framework of a theory and consisting of all objects considered in this theory. The complement of the universal set is the empty set.

A graph in which individual nodes have no distinct identifications except through their interconnectivity. Graphs in which labels (which are most commonly numbers) are ...

A position in a game is unsafe for player A if the person who plays next (player B) can win. Every unsafe position can be made safe by at least one move.

The vertex count of a graph g, commonly denoted V(g) or |g|, is the number of vertices in g. In other words, it is the cardinality of the vertex set. The vertex count of a ...

The depth of a vertex v in a rooted tree as the number of edges from v to the root vertex. A function to return the depth of a vertex v in a tree g may be implemented in a ...