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The hyperbolic cosine integral, often called the "Chi function" for short, is defined by Chi(z)=gamma+lnz+int_0^z(cosht-1)/tdt, (1) where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni ...

A concordant form is an integer triple (a,b,N) where {a^2+b^2=c^2; a^2+Nb^2=d^2, (1) with c and d integers. Examples include {14663^2+111384^2=112345^2; ...

A sequence is said to be convergent if it approaches some limit (D'Angelo and West 2000, p. 259). Formally, a sequence S_n converges to the limit S lim_(n->infty)S_n=S if, ...

Geometric objects lying in a common plane are said to be coplanar. Three noncollinear points determine a plane and so are trivially coplanar. Four points are coplanar iff the ...

Defining p_0=2, p_n as the nth odd prime, and the nth prime gap as g_n=p_(n+1)-p_n, then the Cramér-Granville conjecture states that g_n<M(lnp_n)^2 for some constant M>1.

Consider the distribution of distances l between a point picked at random in the interior of a unit cube and on a face of the cube. The probability function, illustrated ...

Given four points chosen at random inside a unit cube, the average volume of the tetrahedron determined by these points is given by ...

The mean triangle area of a triangle picked at random inside a unit cube is A^_=0.15107+/-0.00003, with variance var(A)=0.008426+/-0.000004. The distribution of areas, ...

A graph G is said to be disconnected if it is not connected, i.e., if there exist two nodes in G such that no path in G has those nodes as endpoints. The numbers of ...

Taking the ratio x/y of two numbers x and y, also written x÷y. Here, x is called the dividend, y is called the divisor, and x/y is called a quotient. The symbol "/" is called ...