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A tag system in which a list of n tag rules (each of a special form) is applied to a system in sequential order and then starting again from the first rule. In a cyclic tag ...

A differential-algebraic equation (DAE) is a type of differential equation in which the derivatives are not (in general) expressed explicitly, and typically derivatives of ...

An embedding is a representation of a topological object, manifold, graph, field, etc. in a certain space in such a way that its connectivity or algebraic properties are ...

A set X whose elements can be numbered through from 1 to n, for some positive integer n. The number n is called the cardinal number of the set, and is often denoted |X| or ...

A lattice-ordered set is a poset (L,<=) in which each two-element subset {a,b} has an infimum, denoted inf{a,b}, and a supremum, denoted sup{a,b}. There is a natural ...

There are several regular mathematics competitions available to students. The International Mathematical Olympiad is perhaps the largest, while the William Lowell Putnam ...

The Mercator projection is a map projection that was widely used for navigation since loxodromes are straight lines (although great circles are curved). The following ...

There are nine possible types of isolated singularities on a cubic surface, eight of them rational double points. Each type of isolated singularity has an associated normal ...

Rule 54 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

Let X be a set of urelements, and let V(X) be the superstructure with X as its set of individuals. Let kappa be a cardinal number. An enlargement V(^*X) is kappa-saturated ...