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The Spieker center is the center Sp of the Spieker circle, i.e., the incenter of the medial triangle of a reference triangle DeltaABC. It is also the center of the excircles ...

One or both of the square bracket symbols [ and ] are used in many different contexts in mathematics. 1. Square brackets are occasionally used in especially complex ...

Tarski's theorem says that the first-order theory of reals with +, *, =, and > allows quantifier elimination. Algorithmic quantifier elimination implies decidability assuming ...

Given a reference triangle DeltaABC and a point P, the triple (x,y,z), with x=PA, y=PB and z=PC representing the distances from P to the vertices of the reference triangle, ...

A universal differential equation (UDE) is a nontrivial differential-algebraic equation with the property that its solutions approximate to arbitrary accuracy any continuous ...

The vertical line test is a graphical method of determining whether a curve in the plane represents the graph of a function by visually examining the number of intersections ...

As defined by Gray (1997, p. 201), Viviani's curve, sometimes also called Viviani's window, is the space curve giving the intersection of the cylinder of radius a and center ...

A famous perceptual illusion in which the brain switches between seeing a young girl and an old woman (or "wife" and "mother in law"). An anonymous German postcard from 1888 ...

An integer whose decimal digits contain no zeros is said to be zerofree. The first few positive zerofree integers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...