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Let A be a non-unital C^*-algebra. There is a unique (up to isomorphism) unital C^*-algebra which contains A as an essential ideal and is maximal in the sense that any other ...

Let C be an error-correcting code consisting of N codewords in which each codeword consists of n letters taken from an alphabet A of length q, and every two distinct ...

An outerplanar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane such that all vertices lie on the outer face. Outerplanar graphs are planar and, by their definition, ...

Let C be an error-correcting code consisting of N codewords,in which each codeword consists of n letters taken from an alphabet A of length q, and every two distinct ...

A permutation matrix is a matrix obtained by permuting the rows of an n×n identity matrix according to some permutation of the numbers 1 to n. Every row and column therefore ...

An n-he (a term coined by Brendan Owen) is a shape formed from a polyhex by removing half of each hexagon in such a way that the remaining pieces are connected (Clarke). The ...

A triangle with rows containing the numbers {1,2,...,n} that begins with 1, ends with n, and such that the sum of each two consecutive entries being a prime. Rows 2 to 6 are ...

The unique nonnegative square root of a nonnegative real number. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, although both -3 and 3 are square roots of 9. The concept ...

Proper covers are defined as covers of a set X which do not contain the entire set X itself as a subset (Macula 1994). Of the five covers of {1,2}, namely {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}, ...

Quinn et al. (2007) investigated a class of N coupled oscillators whose bifurcation phase offset had a conjectured asymptotic behavior of sinphi∼1-c_1/N, with an experimental ...