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For p an odd prime and a positive integer a which is not a multiple of p, a^((p-1)/2)=(a/p) (mod p), where (a|p) is the Legendre symbol.

The system of partial differential equations describing fluid flow in the absence of viscosity, given by (partialu)/(partialt)+u·del u=-(del P)/rho, where u is the fluid ...

_2F_1(a,b;c;z)=int_0^1(t^(b-1)(1-t)^(c-b-1))/((1-tz)^a)dt, (1) where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric function. The solution can be written using the Euler's ...

The Machin-like formula 1/4pi=cot^(-1)(2)+cot^(-1)(3). The other 2-term Machin-like formulas are Hermann's formula, hutton's formula, and Machin's formula.

The numbers 2^npq and 2^nr are an amicable pair if the three integers p = 2^m(2^(n-m)+1)-1 (1) q = 2^n(2^(n-m)+1)-1 (2) r = 2^(n+m)(2^(n-m)+1)^2-1 (3) are all prime numbers ...

The number of bases in which 1/p is a repeating decimal (actually, repeating b-ary) of length l is the same as the number of fractions 0/(p-1), 1/(p-1), ..., (p-2)/(p-1) ...

A generalization of Fermat's little theorem. Euler published a proof of the following more general theorem in 1736. Let phi(n) denote the totient function. Then a^(phi(n))=1 ...

An even number is an integer of the form n=2k, where k is an integer. The even numbers are therefore ..., -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... (OEIS A005843). Since the even ...

The even part Ev(n) of a positive integer n is defined by Ev(n)=2^(b(n)), where b(n) is the exponent of the exact power of 2 dividing n. The values for n=1, 2, ..., are 1, 2, ...

An even permutation is a permutation obtainable from an even number of two-element swaps, i.e., a permutation with permutation symbol equal to +1. For initial set {1,2,3,4}, ...