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The appropriate notion of integer for surreal numbers.

A system of parameter chain complexes used for multiplication on differential graded algebras up to homotopy.

A mathematical object upon which an operator acts. For example, in the expression 1×2, the multiplication operator acts upon the operands 1 and 2.

An orbifold is the object obtained by identifying any two points of a map which are equivalent under some symmetry of the map's group.

A simple way to enumerate some types of groups due to J. H. Conway (Zwillinger 1995).

Two subspaces S_1 and S_2 of R^n are said to be orthogonal if the dot product v_1·v_2=0 for all vectors v_1 in S_1 and all v_2 in S_2.

Unit vectors which are orthogonal are said to be orthonormal.

A function that exhibits oscillation (i.e., slope changes) is said to be oscillating, or sometimes oscillatory.

The term "over" is commonly used in mathematical exposition as a synonym for "in the domain of." So, for example, "Let f be a function over the reals" means "Let f be a ...

A signal sampled at a frequency higher than the Nyquist frequency is said to be oversampled beta times, where the oversampling ratio is defined as ...