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Half-angle formulas and formulas expressing trigonometric functions of an angle x/2 in terms of functions of an angle x. For real x, sin(1/2x) = ...

It is always possible to write a sum of sinusoidal functions f(theta)=acostheta+bsintheta (1) as a single sinusoid the form f(theta)=ccos(theta+delta). (2) This can be done ...

Let s_i be the orders of singular points on a curve (Coolidge 1959, p. 56). Harnack's first theorem states that a real irreducible curve of order n cannot have more than ...

A linkage which draws the inverse of a given curve. It can also convert circular to linear motion. The rods satisfy AB=CD and BC=DA, and O, P, and P^' remain collinear while ...

It is especially convenient to specify planes in so-called Hessian normal form. This is obtained from the general equation of a plane ax+by+cz+d=0 (1) by defining the ...

The 21 assumptions which underlie the geometry published in Hilbert's classic text Grundlagen der Geometrie. The eight incidence axioms concern collinearity and intersection ...

The Hodge conjecture asserts that, for particularly nice types of spaces called projective algebraic varieties, the pieces called Hodge cycles are actually rational linear ...

A minimal embedded surface discovered in 1992 consisting of a helicoid with a hole and handle (Science News 1992). It has the same topology as a punctured sphere with a ...

The illustrations above show a number of hyperbolic tilings, including the heptagonal once related to the Klein quartic. Escher was fond of depicting hyperbolic tilings, ...

A hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point P attached to a circle of radius b rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius a, where P is a distance h from the ...