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A set of quadratic surfaces which share foci. Ellipsoids and one- and two-sheeted hyperboloids can be confocal. These three types of surfaces can be combined to form an ...

Geometric objects lying in a common plane are said to be coplanar. Three noncollinear points determine a plane and so are trivially coplanar. Four points are coplanar iff the ...

The cornoid is the curve illustrated above given by the parametric equations x = acost(1-2sin^2t) (1) y = asint(1+2cos^2t), (2) where a>0. It is a sextic algebraic curve with ...

A curve of order n is generally determined by n(n+3)/2 points. So a conic section is determined by five points and a cubic curve should require nine. But the Maclaurin-Bézout ...

A curve whose name means skull-like. It is given by the polar equation r=asint+bsqrt(1-pcos^2t)+csqrt(1-qcos^2t), where a,b,c>0, a<b+c, 0<p<1, 0<q<1, and p!=q. The top of the ...

A plane quartic curve also called the cross curve or policeman on point duty curve (Cundy and Rollett 1989). It is given by the implicit equation x^2y^2-b^2x^2-a^2y^2=0, (1) ...

The word "degree" has many meanings in mathematics. The most common meaning is the unit of angle measure defined such that an entire rotation is 360 degrees. This unit harks ...

Togliatti surfaces are quintic surfaces having the maximum possible number of ordinary double points (31). A related surface sometimes known as the dervish can be defined by ...

The dihedral angle is the angle theta between two planes. The dihedral angle between the planes a_1x+b_1y+c_1z+d_1 = 0 (1) a_2x+b_2y+c_2z+d_2 = 0 (2) which have normal ...

A similarity transformation which transforms each line to a parallel line whose length is a fixed multiple of the length of the original line. The simplest dilation is ...