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A constructive proof is a proof that directly provides a specific example, or which gives an algorithm for producing an example. Constructive proofs are also called ...

A sequence is said to be convergent if it approaches some limit (D'Angelo and West 2000, p. 259). Formally, a sequence S_n converges to the limit S lim_(n->infty)S_n=S if, ...

The science of adversarial information protection.

The Császár polyhedron is a polyhedron that is topologically equivalent to a torus which was discovered in the late 1940s by Ákos Császár (Gardner 1975). It has 7 polyhedron ...

The average number of regions into which n randomly chosen planes divide a cube is N^_(n)=1/(324)(2n+23)n(n-1)pi+n+1 (Finch 2003, p. 482). The maximum number of regions is ...

Given four points chosen at random inside a unit cube, the average volume of the tetrahedron determined by these points is given by ...

A cubic triangular number is a positive integer that is simultaneously cubic and triangular. Such a number must therefore satisfy T_n=m^3 for some positive integers n and m, ...

The symbol union , used for the union of sets, and, sometimes, also for the logical connective OR instead of the symbol v (vee). In fact, for any two sets A and B x in A ...

The polar curve r=1+2cos(2theta) (1) that can be used for angle trisection. It was devised by Ceva in 1699, who termed it the cycloidum anomalarum (Loomis 1968, p. 29). It ...

Numbers which are not perfect and for which s(N)=sigma(N)-N<N, or equivalently sigma(n)<2n, where sigma(N) is the divisor function. Deficient numbers are sometimes called ...