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Little's law states that, under steady state conditions, the average number of items in a queuing system equals the average rate at which the items arrive multiplied by the ...

In August 2002, M. Agrawal and colleagues announced a deterministic algorithm for determining if a number is prime that runs in polynomial time (Agrawal et al. 2004). While ...

This theorem states that, for a partial differential equation involving a time derivative of order n, the solution is uniquely determined if time derivatives up to order n-1 ...

An implicit method for solving an ordinary differential equation that uses f(x_n,y_n) in y_(n+1). In the case of a heat equation, for example, this means that a linear system ...

The class of all regular sequences of particularly well-behaved functions equivalent to a given regular sequence. A distribution is sometimes also called a "generalized ...

Ergodic theory can be described as the statistical and qualitative behavior of measurable group and semigroup actions on measure spaces. The group is most commonly N, R, R-+, ...

The treewidth is a measure of the count of original graph vertices mapped onto any tree vertex in an optimal tree decomposition. Determining the treewidth of an arbitrary ...

The average power of a complex signal f(t) as a function of time t is defined as <f^2(t)>=lim_(T->infty)1/(2T)int_(-T)^T|f(t)|^2dt, where |z| is the complex modulus (Papoulis ...

Let n objects be picked repeatedly with probability p_i that object i is picked on a given try, with sum_(i)p_i=1. Find the earliest time at which all n objects have been ...

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...