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There are several statistical quantities called means, e.g., harmonic mean, geometric mean, arithmetic-geometric mean, and root-mean-square. When applied to two elements a ...

The minimal enclosing circle problem, sometimes also known as the bomb problem, is the problem of finding the circle of smallest radius that contains a given set of points in ...

A minimum vertex cover is a vertex cover having the smallest possible number of vertices for a given graph. The size of a minimum vertex cover of a graph G is known as the ...

A set of four points, one of which is the orthocenter of the other three. In an orthocentric system, each point is the orthocenter of the triangle of the other three, as ...

An outer-totalistic cellular automaton is a generalization of the totalistic cellular automaton. Totalistic rules are a proper superset of outer-totalistic rules. In ...

Two losing gambling games can be set up so that when they are played one after the other, they become winning. There are many ways to construct such scenarios, the simplest ...

A permutation group is a finite group G whose elements are permutations of a given set and whose group operation is composition of permutations in G. Permutation groups have ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

Two nonisomorphic graphs that have equal resistance spectra (i.e., multisets of resistance distances) are said to be resistance-equivalent. All nonisomorphic simple graphs on ...

A well-known nursery rhyme states, "As I was going to St. Ives, I met a man with seven wives. Every wife had seven sacks, every sack had seven cats, every cat had seven ...