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The successive square method is an algorithm to compute a^b in a finite field GF(p). The first step is to decompose b in successive powers of two, b=sum_(i)delta_i2^i, (1) ...

For a scalar function f over a surface parameterized by u and v, the surface integral is given by Phi = int_Sfda (1) = int_Sf(u,v)|T_uxT_v|dudv, (2) where T_u and T_v are ...

The order n of an algebraic surface is the order of the polynomial defining a surface, which can be geometrically interpreted as the maximum number of points in which a line ...

Given a Lucas sequence with parameters P and Q, discriminant D!=0, and roots a and b, the Sylvester cyclotomic numbers are Q_n=product_(r)(a-zeta^rb), (1) where ...

A second-tensor rank symmetric tensor is defined as a tensor A for which A^(mn)=A^(nm). (1) Any tensor can be written as a sum of symmetric and antisymmetric parts A^(mn) = ...

A curve investigated by Talbot which is the ellipse negative pedal curve with respect to the ellipse's center for ellipses with eccentricity e^2>1/2 (Lockwood 1967, p. 157). ...

A quadrilateral which has an incircle, i.e., one for which a single circle can be constructed which is tangent to all four sides. Opposite sides of such a quadrilateral ...

A tetrahedral ring is a term given in this work to a set of n regular tetrahedra joined face-to-face sharing a common edge (with internal conjoined faces removed). These ...

The totient function phi(n), also called Euler's totient function, is defined as the number of positive integers <=n that are relatively prime to (i.e., do not contain any ...

The "trefoil" curve is the name given by Cundy and Rollett (1989, p. 72) to the quartic plane curve given by the equation x^4+x^2y^2+y^4=x(x^2-y^2). (1) As such, it is a ...