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A connection on a vector bundle pi:E->M is a way to "differentiate" bundle sections, in a way that is analogous to the exterior derivative df of a function f. In particular, ...

A vector Laplacian can be defined for a vector A by del ^2A=del (del ·A)-del x(del xA), (1) where the notation ✡ is sometimes used to distinguish the vector Laplacian from ...

Let V(r) be the volume of a ball of radius r in a complete n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with Ricci curvature tensor >=(n-1)kappa. Then V(r)<=V_kappa(r), where V_kappa is ...

Any n-dimensional Riemannian manifold can be locally embedded into an (n+1)-dimensional manifold with Ricci curvature Tensor R_(ab)=0. A similar version of the theorem for a ...

Let V be an n-dimensional linear space over a field K, and let Q be a quadratic form on V. A Clifford algebra is then defined over T(V)/I(Q), where T(V) is the tensor algebra ...

A typesetting symbol which has several distinct meanings in mathematics. It is used for a number of purposes. 1. To denote Boundaries between elements in a list, as in ...

The covariant derivative of a contravariant tensor A^a (also called the "semicolon derivative" since its symbol is a semicolon) is given by A^a_(;b) = ...

Given a differential p-form q in the exterior algebra ^ ^pV^*, its envelope is the smallest subspace W such that q is in the subspace ^ ^pW^* subset ^ ^pV^*. Alternatively, W ...

If A is a graded module and there exists a degree-preserving linear map phi:A tensor A->A, then (A,phi) is called a graded algebra. Cohomology is a graded algebra. In ...

For any prime number p and any positive integer n, the p^n-rank r_(p^n)(G) of a finitely generated Abelian group G is the number of copies of the cyclic group Z_(p^n) ...