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The Maxwell (or Maxwell-Boltzmann) distribution gives the distribution of speeds of molecules in thermal equilibrium as given by statistical mechanics. Defining a=sqrt(kT/m), ...

Meißner (1911) showed how to modify the Reuleaux tetrahedron (which is not a solid of constant width) to form a surface of constant width by replacing three of its edge arcs ...

A one-sided surface reminiscent of the Möbius strip, attributed to Gourmalin (Bouvier and George 1979, p. 477; Boas 1995). This surface is topologically equivalent to a Klein ...

A multivalued function, also known as a multiple-valued function (Knopp 1996, part 1 p. 103), is a "function" that assumes two or more distinct values in its range for at ...

Polynomials O_n(x) that can be defined by the sum O_n(x)=1/4sum_(k=0)^(|_n/2_|)(n(n-k-1)!)/(k!)(1/2x)^(2k-n-1) (1) for n>=1, where |_x_| is the floor function. They obey the ...

An oriented knot is an oriented link of one component, or equivalently, it is a knot which has been given an orientation. Given an oriented knot K, reversing the orientation ...

In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the parabolas of parabolic cylindrical coordinates about the x-axis, ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates. There are several different conventions for the orientation and designation of these coordinates. Arfken (1970) defines coordinates ...

Parallel curves, frequently called "offset curves" in computer graphics applications, are curves which are displaced from a base curve by a constant offset, either positive ...