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The latitude of a point on a sphere is the elevation of the point from the plane of the equator. The latitude delta is related to the colatitude (the polar angle in spherical ...

The surface area of a spherical segment. Call the radius of the sphere R, the upper and lower radii b and a, respectively, and the height of the spherical segment h. The zone ...

The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of elements common to A and B. This is written A intersection B, and is pronounced "A intersection B" or "A cap B." The ...

A compactification of a topological space X is a larger space Y containing X which is also compact. The smallest compactification is the one-point compactification. For ...

A sphere with a single cross-cap. This term is more appropriate in purely topological applications than the more common term real projective plane, which implies the presence ...

Also called the Tait flyping conjecture. Given two reduced alternating projections of the same knot, they are equivalent on the sphere iff they are related by a series of ...

A minimal embedded surface discovered in 1992 consisting of a helicoid with a hole and handle (Science News 1992). It has the same topology as a punctured sphere with a ...

The insphere of a solid is a sphere that is tangent to all faces of the solid. An insphere does not always exist, but when it does, its radius r is called the inradius and ...

A regular patch is a patch x:U->R^n for which the Jacobian J(x)(u,v) has rank 2 for all (u,v) in U. A patch is said to be regular at a point (u_0,v_0) in U provided that its ...

The vertical perspective projection is a map projection that corresponds to the appearance of a globe when directly viewed from some distance away with the z-axis of the ...