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In Euclidean space R^3, the curve that minimizes the distance between two points is clearly a straight line segment. This can be shown mathematically as follows using ...

Pong Hau K'i is an ancient Chinese tic-tac-toe-like game involving two players with two differently colored stones (say, red and blue). The players move their respective ...

For X a topological space, the presheaf F of Abelian groups (rings, ...) on X is defined such that 1. For every open subset U subset= X, an Abelian group (ring, ...) F(U), ...

The index I associated to a symmetric, non-degenerate, and bilinear g over a finite-dimensional vector space V is a nonnegative integer defined by I=max_(W in S)(dimW) where ...

The study of manifolds having a complete Riemannian metric. Riemannian geometry is a general space based on the line element ds=F(x^1,...,x^n;dx^1,...,dx^n), with F(x,y)>0 ...

A simple point process (or SPP) is an almost surely increasing sequence of strictly positive, possibly infinite random variables which are strictly increasing as long as they ...

Two complex measures mu and nu on a measure space X, are mutually singular if they are supported on different subsets. More precisely, X=A union B where A and B are two ...

The ith Stiefel-Whitney class of a real vector bundle (or tangent bundle or a real manifold) is in the ith cohomology group of the base space involved. It is an obstruction ...

A subset of an algebraic variety which is itself a variety. Every variety is a subvariety of itself; other subvarieties are called proper subvarieties. A sphere of the ...

In the tabu search category of meta-heuristics, the essential idea is to 'forbid' search moves to points already visited in the (usually discrete) search space, at least for ...