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J. Tupper concocted the amazing formula 1/2<|_mod(|_y/(17)_|2^(-17|_x_|-mod(|_y_|,17)),2)_|, where |_x_| is the floor function and mod(b,m) is the mod function, which, when ...

The usual number of scalar operations (i.e., the total number of additions and multiplications) required to perform n×n matrix multiplication is M(n)=2n^3-n^2 (1) (i.e., n^3 ...

The permanent is an analog of a determinant where all the signs in the expansion by minors are taken as positive. The permanent of a matrix A is the coefficient of x_1...x_n ...

The treewidth is a measure of the count of original graph vertices mapped onto any tree vertex in an optimal tree decomposition. Determining the treewidth of an arbitrary ...

Number Theory

A node which is one graph edge further away from a given node in a rooted tree.

The encrypted form of a plaintext.

A solitaire game played with cards. The chance of winning is 1/13, and the arithmetic mean of the number of cards turned up is 42.4.

Given a series of the form A(z)=sum_(k)a_kz^k, the notation [z^k](A(z)) is used to indicate the coefficient a_k (Sedgewick and Flajolet 1996). This corresponds to the Wolfram ...

The convex hull of a set of points S in n dimensions is the intersection of all convex sets containing S. For N points p_1, ..., p_N, the convex hull C is then given by the ...