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The symbol intersection , used for the intersection of sets, and sometimes also for the logical connective AND instead of the symbol ^ (wedge). In fact, for any two sets A ...

According to Pólya, the Cartesian pattern is the resolution method for arithmetical or geometrical problems based on equations. The first step is to translate the question ...

This theorem states that, for a partial differential equation involving a time derivative of order n, the solution is uniquely determined if time derivatives up to order n-1 ...

A multiway system that generates causal networks which are all isomorphic as acyclic digraphs is said to exhibit causal invariance, and the causal network itself is also said ...

A tree (also called a central tree) having a single node that is a graph center. The numbers of centered trees on n=1, 2, ... nodes are 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 27, 55, 127, ...

An (infinite) line determined by two points (x_1,y_1) and (x_2,y_2) may intersect a circle of radius r and center (0, 0) in two imaginary points (left figure), a degenerate ...

Consider a unit circle and a radiant point located at (mu,0). There are four different regimes of caustics, illustrated above. For radiant point at mu=infty, the catacaustic ...

For a unit circle with parametric equations x = cost (1) y = sint, (2) the negative pedal curve with respect to the pedal point (r,0) is x_n = (r-cost)/(rcost-1) (3) y_n = ...

All closed surfaces, despite their seemingly diverse forms, are topologically equivalent to spheres with some number of handles or cross-caps. The traditional proof follows ...

Given a set S with a subset E, the complement (denoted E^' or E^_) of E with respect to S is defined as E^'={F:F in S,F not in E}. (1) Using set difference notation, the ...