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For any real alpha and beta such that beta>alpha, let p(alpha)!=0 and p(beta)!=0 be real polynomials of degree n, and v(x) denote the number of sign changes in the sequence ...

The use of permil (a.k.a. parts per thousand) is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. Given a ratio or fraction, it is converted to a permil-age by ...

The use of percentages is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. A ratio or fraction is converted to a percentage by multiplying by 100 and appending a ...

The use of permil (a.k.a. parts per thousand) is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. Given a ratio or fraction, it is converted to a permil-age by ...

Let j, r, and s be distinct integers (mod n), and let W_i be the point of intersection of the side or diagonal V_iV_(i+j) of the n-gon P=[V_1,...,V_n] with the transversal ...

Let the n×n matrix A satisfy the conditions of the Perron-Frobenius theorem and the n×n matrix C=c_(ij) satisfy |c_(ij)|<=a_(ij) for i,j=1, 2, ..., n. Then any eigenvalue ...

Two circles with centers at (x_i,y_i) with radii r_i for i=1,2 are mutually tangent if (x_1-x_2)^2+(y_1-y_2)^2=(r_1+/-r_2)^2. (1) If the center of the second circle is inside ...

A Hadamard matrix is a type of square (-1,1)-matrix invented by Sylvester (1867) under the name of anallagmatic pavement, 26 years before Hadamard (1893) considered them. In ...

A Greek cross, also called a square cross, is a cross in the shape of a plus sign. It is a non-regular dodecagon. A square cross appears on the flag of Switzerland, and also ...

A matrix whose entries are all integers. Special cases which arise frequently are those having only (-1,1) as entries (e.g., Hadamard matrix), (0,1)-matrices having only ...