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The region lying between two concentric circles. The area of the annulus formed by two circles of radii a and b (with a>b) is A_(annulus)=pi(a^2-b^2). The annulus is ...

A bar graph is any plot of a set of data such that the number of data elements falling within one or more categories is indicated using a rectangle whose height or width is a ...

The number of binary bits necessary to represent a number, given explicitly by BL(n) = 1+|_lgn_| (1) = [lg(n+1)], (2) where [x] is the ceiling function, |_x_| is the floor ...

The chi distribution with n degrees of freedom is the distribution followed by the square root of a chi-squared random variable. For n=1, the chi distribution is a ...

Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

A product of ANDs, denoted ^ _(k=1)^nA_k. The conjunctions of a Boolean algebra A of subsets of cardinality p are the 2^p functions A_lambda= union _(i in lambda)A_i, where ...

A topological space decomposes into its connected components. The connectedness relation between two pairs of points satisfies transitivity, i.e., if a∼b and b∼c then a∼c. ...

The word "degree" has many meanings in mathematics. The most common meaning is the unit of angle measure defined such that an entire rotation is 360 degrees. This unit harks ...

The discrete uniform distribution is also known as the "equally likely outcomes" distribution. Letting a set S have N elements, each of them having the same probability, then ...

The Drazin inverse is a matrix inverse-like object derived from a given square matrix. In particular, let the index k of a square matrix be defined as the smallest ...