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A perfect ruler also called a complete ruler, is type of ruler considered by Guy (1994) which has k distinct marks spaced such that the distances between marks can be used to ...

A function f(x) is said to be periodic (or, when emphasizing the presence of a single period instead of multiple periods, singly periodic) with period p if f(x)=f(x+np) for ...

A graphical plot with abscissa given by the number p of consecutive numbers constituting a single period and ordinate given by the correlation ratio eta. The equation of the ...

The Perko pair is the pair of knots 10_(161) and 10_(162) illustrated above. For many years, they were listed as separate knots in Little (1885) and all similar tables, ...

For a permutation alpha in the symmetric group S_p, the alpha-permutation graph of a labeled graph G is the graph union of two disjoint copies of G (say, G_1 and G_2), ...

The index of a permutation p is defined as the sum of all subscripts j such that p_j>p_(j+1), for 1<=j<=n. MacMahon (1960) proved that the number of permutations of size n ...

A permutation matrix is a matrix obtained by permuting the rows of an n×n identity matrix according to some permutation of the numbers 1 to n. Every row and column therefore ...

The permutation tensor, also called the Levi-Civita tensor or isotropic tensor of rank 3 (Goldstein 1980, p. 172), is a pseudotensor which is antisymmetric under the ...

Two lines, vectors, planes, etc., are said to be perpendicular if they meet at a right angle. In R^n, two vectors a and b are perpendicular if their dot product a·b=0. (1) In ...

The perpendicular bisector of a line segment is the locus of all points that are equidistant from its endpoints. This theorem can be applied to determine the center of a ...