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An ellipse is a curve that is the locus of all points in the plane the sum of whose distances r_1 and r_2 from two fixed points F_1 and F_2 (the foci) separated by a distance ...

The regular dodecahedron, often simply called "the" dodecahedron, is the Platonic solid composed of 20 polyhedron vertices, 30 polyhedron edges, and 12 pentagonal faces, ...

An acyclic digraph is a directed graph containing no directed cycles, also known as a directed acyclic graph or a "DAG." Every finite acyclic digraph has at least one node of ...

If a sequence takes only a small number of different values, then by regarding the values as the elements of a finite field, the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is an efficient ...

Consider n strings, each oriented vertically from a lower to an upper "bar." If this is the least number of strings needed to make a closed braid representation of a link, n ...

Given a unit circle, pick two points at random on its circumference, forming a chord. Without loss of generality, the first point can be taken as (1,0), and the second by ...

Coding theory, sometimes called algebraic coding theory, deals with the design of error-correcting codes for the reliable transmission of information across noisy channels. ...

A fundamental system of logic based on the concept of a generalized function whose argument is also a function (Schönfinkel 1924). This mathematical discipline was ...

A complete graph is a graph in which each pair of graph vertices is connected by an edge. The complete graph with n graph vertices is denoted K_n and has (n; 2)=n(n-1)/2 (the ...

A strongly regular graph with parameters (n,k,a,c) has graph eigenvalues k, theta, and tau, where theta = ((a-c)+sqrt(Delta))/2 (1) tau = ((a-c)-sqrt(Delta))/2 (2) where ...