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A rational number expressed in the form a/b (in-line notation) or a/b (traditional "display" notation), where a is called the numerator and b is called the denominator. When ...

A number of strongly regular graphs of several types derived from combinatorial design were identified by Goethals and Seidel (1970). Theorem 2.4 of Goethals and Seidel ...

Let theta(t) be the Riemann-Siegel function. The unique value g_n such that theta(g_n)=pin (1) where n=0, 1, ... is then known as a Gram point (Edwards 2001, pp. 125-126). An ...

An automorphism of a graph is a graph isomorphism with itself, i.e., a mapping from the vertices of the given graph G back to vertices of G such that the resulting graph is ...

The center of a graph G is the set of vertices of graph eccentricity equal to the graph radius (i.e., the set of central points). In the above illustration, center nodes are ...

The graph diameter of a graph is the length max_(u,v)d(u,v) of the "longest shortest path" (i.e., the longest graph geodesic) between any two graph vertices (u,v), where ...

For an undirected graph, an unordered pair of nodes that specify a line joining these two nodes are said to form an edge. For a directed graph, the edge is an ordered pair of ...

Let a tree S be a subgraph of a cubic graph G. The graph excision G circleminus S is the graph resulting from removing the tree, then merging the edges. For example, if in ...

The join G=G_1+G_2 of graphs G_1 and G_2 with disjoint point sets V_1 and V_2 and edge sets X_1 and X_2 is the graph union G_1 union G_2 together with all the edges joining ...

In general, a graph product of two graphs G and H is a new graph whose vertex set is V(G)×V(H) and where, for any two vertices (g,h) and (g^',h^') in the product, the ...