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Let (x_1,x_2) and (y_1,y_2) be two sets of complex numbers linearly independent over the rationals. Then the four exponential conjecture posits that at least one of ...

The n×n square matrix F_n with entries given by F_(jk)=e^(2piijk/n)=omega^(jk) (1) for j,k=0, 1, 2, ..., n-1, where i is the imaginary number i=sqrt(-1), and normalized by ...

French curves are plastic (or wooden) templates having an edge composed of several different curves. French curves are used in drafting (or were before computer-aided design) ...

A Goldbach number is a positive integer that is the sum of two odd primes (Li 1999). Let E(x) (the "exceptional set of Goldbach numbers") denote the number of even numbers ...

Successive points dividing a golden rectangle into squares lie on a logarithmic spiral (Wells 1991, p. 39; Livio 2002, p. 119) which is sometimes known as the golden spiral. ...

The eccentricity epsilon(v) of a graph vertex v in a connected graph G is the maximum graph distance between v and any other vertex u of G. For a disconnected graph, all ...

The radius of a graph is the minimum graph eccentricity of any graph vertex in a graph. A disconnected graph therefore has infinite radius (West 2000, p. 71). Graph radius is ...

For a nonzero real number r and a triangle DeltaABC, swing line segment BC about the vertex B towards vertex A through an angle rB. Call the line along the rotated segment L. ...

Homogeneous barycentric coordinates are barycentric coordinates normalized such that they become the actual areas of the subtriangles. Barycentric coordinates normalized so ...

The bifurcation of a fixed point to a limit cycle (Tabor 1989).