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A closed sentential formula is a sentential formula in which none of the variables are free (i.e., all variables are bound). Examples of closed sentential formulas are given ...

There are several equivalent definitions of a closed set. Let S be a subset of a metric space. A set S is closed if 1. The complement of S is an open set, 2. S is its own set ...

The term "closure" has various meanings in mathematics. The topological closure of a subset A of a topological space X is the smallest closed subset of X containing A. If R ...

A system of circles obtained by multiplying each radius in a coaxal system by a constant. The Tucker circles are a coaxaloid system (Johnson 1929, p. 277).

The coboundary polynomial chi^__G(q,t) is a bivariate graph polynomial which can be expressed in terms of the Tutte polynomial T_G(x,y) of a graph G by ...

The simple first-order difference equation y_(t+1)-Ay_t=B, (1) where A = -(m_s)/(m_d) (2) B = (b_d-b_s)/(m_d) (3) and D_t = -m_dp_t+b_d (4) S_(t+1) = m_sp_t+b_s (5) are the ...

A code is a set of n-tuples of elements ("words") taken from an alphabet. The designation "code n" is also given to the nth totalistic cellular automaton in Wolfram's ...

A coequalizer of a pair of maps f,g:X->Y in a category is a map c:Y->C such that 1. c degreesf=c degreesg, where degrees denotes composition. 2. For any other map c^':Y->C^' ...

A module having dual properties with respect to a free module, as enumerated below. 1. Every free module is projective; every cofree module is injective. 2. For every module ...

The coheight of a proper ideal I of a commutative Noetherian unit ring R is the Krull dimension of the quotient ring R/I. The coheight is related to the height of I by the ...