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The universal product code (UPC) is a 12-digit number and associated machine-readable bar code used to identify products being purchased in grocery stores. UPCs encode an ...

Let [arg(f(z))] denote the change in the complex argument of a function f(z) around a contour gamma. Also let N denote the number of roots of f(z) in gamma and P denote the ...

A weak snark is a cyclically 4-edge connected cubic graph with edge chromatic number 4 and girth at least 4 (Brinkmann et al. 2013). Weak snarks therefore represent a more ...

The weighted mean of a discrete set of numbers {x_1,x_2,...,x_n} with weights {w_1,w_2,...,w_n} is given by <x>=sum_(i=1)^nw_ix_i, (1) where each weight w_i is a nonnegative ...

On July 10, 2003, Eric Weisstein computed the numbers of n×n (0,1)-matrices all of whose eigenvalues are real and positive, obtaining counts for n=1, 2, ... of 1, 3, 25, 543, ...

The Weyl tensor is the tensor C_(abcd) defined by R_(abcd)=C_(abcd)+2/(n-2)(g_(a[c)R_d]b-g_(b[c)R_(d]a)) -2/((n-1)(n-2))Rg_(a[c)g_(d]b), (1) where R_(abcd) is the Riemann ...

The prime link 05-0201, illustrated above, with braid word sigma_1^2sigma_2^2sigma_1^(-1)sigma_2^(-2) or sigma_1sigma_2^(-1)sigma_1sigma_2^(-2) and Jones polynomial ...

WireWorld is a two-dimensional four-color cellular automaton introduced by Brian Silverman in 1987. The rule for the automaton uses the cell's old value a together with the ...

The Zipf distribution, sometimes referred to as the zeta distribution, is a discrete distribution commonly used in linguistics, insurance, and the modelling of rare events. ...

In the English language, the probability of encountering the rth most common word is given roughly by P(r)=0.1/r for r up to 1000 or so. The law breaks down for less frequent ...