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A fractional ideal is a generalization of an ideal in a ring R. Instead, a fractional ideal is contained in the number field F, but has the property that there is an element ...

A cyclotomic field Q(zeta) is obtained by adjoining a primitive root of unity zeta, say zeta^n=1, to the rational numbers Q. Since zeta is primitive, zeta^k is also an nth ...

A number which can be represented both in the form x_0^2-Dy_0^2 and in the form Dx_1^2-y_1^2. This is only possible when the Pell equation x^2-Dy^2=-1 (1) is solvable. Then ...

Let U(P,Q) and V(P,Q) be Lucas sequences generated by P and Q, and define D=P^2-4Q. (1) Then {U_((n-(D/n))/2)=0 (mod n) when (Q/n)=1; V_((n-(D/n))/2)=D (mod n) when (Q/n)=-1, ...

A sequence in which no term divides any other. Let S_n be the set {1,...,n}, then the number of primitive subsets of S_n are 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 33, 45, 73, 103, 205, 253, ...

In general, a remainder is a quantity "left over" after performing a particular algorithm. The term is most commonly used to refer to the number left over when two integers ...

Let f(1)=1, and let f(n) be the number of occurrences of n in a nondecreasing sequence of integers. then the first few values of f(n) are 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, ... ...

The elliptic lambda function lambda(tau) is a lambda-modular function defined on the upper half-plane by lambda(tau)=(theta_2^4(0,q))/(theta_3^4(0,q)), (1) where tau is the ...

A function f is said to be an entire modular form of weight k if it satisfies 1. f is analytic in the upper half-plane H, 2. f((atau+b)/(ctau+d))=(ctau+d)^kf(tau) whenever [a ...

The Rhind papyrus is a famous document from the Egyptian Middle Kingdom that dates to 1650 BC. It was purchased by Henry Rhind in Egypt in 1858, and placed in the British ...