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Place 2n balls in a bag and number them 1 to 2n, then pick half of them at random. The number of different possible sums for n=1, 2, 3, ... are then 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ... ...

A set of numbers obeying a pattern like the following: 91·37 = 3367 (1) 9901·3367 = 33336667 (2) 999001·333667 = 333333666667 (3) 99990001·33336667 = 3333333366666667 (4) 4^2 ...

The algebraic integers in a number field.

A number theoretic character, also called a Dirichlet character (because Dirichlet first introduced them in his famous proof that every arithmetic progression with relatively ...

A number theoretic function is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers.

Simplemindedly, a number theoretic transform is a generalization of a fast Fourier transform obtained by replacing e^(-2piik/N) with an nth primitive root of unity. This ...

Number theory is a vast and fascinating field of mathematics, sometimes called "higher arithmetic," consisting of the study of the properties of whole numbers. Primes and ...

A numeral is a symbol used to represent a number. Arabic numerals (0-9) are the ones most commonly used today. Other types, mainly of historical interest, include Egyptian, ...

The number p in a fraction p/q, i.e., the dividend.

A function f:A->B such that B is a set of numbers.