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If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

The term "ill-defined" is also used informally to mean ambiguous.

A partial differential equation whose solution does not depend continuously on its parameters (including but not limited to boundary conditions) is said to be ill-posed.

In the early 1950s, Ernst Straus asked 1. Is every region illuminable from every point in the region? 2. Is every region illuminable from at least one point in the region? ...

An illusion is an object or drawing which appears to have properties which are physically impossible, deceptive, or counterintuitive. Kitaoka maintains a web page of ...

Radial line segments whose inward-pointing end produce the illusion of a circle or other figure. The apparent figure has the same color as the background, but appears ...

If f:D->Y is a map (a.k.a. function, transformation, etc.) over a domain D, then the image of f, also called the range of D under f, is defined as the set of all values that ...

The axis in the complex plane corresponding to zero real part, R[z]=0.

A "line" having imaginary coefficients in its equations which can arise in algebraic geometry.