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Also known as the difference of squares method. It was first used by Fermat and improved by Gauss. Gauss looked for integers x and y satisfying y^2=x^2-N (mod E) for various ...

A disjunction that is true if only one, but not both, of its arguments are true, and is false if neither or both are true, which is equivalent to the XOR connective. By ...

The exsecant is a little-used trigonometric function defined by excsc(x)=cscx-1, where cscx is the cosecant.

If the tangents at B and C to the circumcircle of a triangle DeltaABC intersect in a point K_1, then the circle with center K_1 and which passes through B and C is called the ...

Define A^' to be the point (other than the polygon vertex A) where the triangle median through A meets the circumcircle of ABC, and define B^' and C^' similarly. Then the ...

For discrete problems in which no efficient solution method is known, it might be necessary to test each possibility sequentially in order to determine if it is the solution. ...

If at least one solution can be determined for a given problem, a solution to that problem is said to exist. Frequently, mathematicians seek to prove the existence of ...

The question of whether a solution to a given problem exists. The existence problem can be solved in the affirmative without actually finding a solution to the original ...

A theorem stating the existence of an object, such as the solution to a problem or equation. Strictly speaking, it need not tell how many such objects there are, nor give ...

A class of processes which attempt to round off a domain and simplify its theory by adjoining elements.