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An error-correcting code is an algorithm for expressing a sequence of numbers such that any errors which are introduced can be detected and corrected (within certain ...

The difference between a quantity and its estimated or measured quantity.

A normal distribution with mean 0, P(x)=h/(sqrt(pi))e^(-h^2x^2). (1) The characteristic function is phi(t)=e^(-t^2/(4h^2)). (2) The mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis ...

Given a formula y=f(x) with an absolute error in x of dx, the absolute error is dy. The relative error is dy/y. If x=f(u,v,...), then ...

The function f(beta,z)|->z^((1+cosbeta+isinbeta)/2), illustrated above for beta=0.4.

"Escher's solid" is the solid illustrated on the right pedestal in M. C. Escher's Waterfall woodcut (Bool et al. 1982, p. 323). It is obtained by augmenting a rhombic ...

A closed ideal I in a C^*-algebra A is called essential if I has nonzero intersection with every other nonzero closed ideal A or, equivalently, if aI={0} implies a=0 for all ...

A singular point a for which f(z)(z-a)^n is not differentiable for any integer n>0.

The essential supremum is the proper generalization to measurable functions of the maximum. The technical difference is that the values of a function on a set of measure zero ...

An object is unique if there is no other object satisfying its defining properties. An object is said to be essentially unique if uniqueness is only referred to the ...