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A cyclic group is a group that can be generated by a single element X (the group generator). Cyclic groups are Abelian. A cyclic group of finite group order n is denoted C_n, ...

A formula for the Bell polynomial and Bell numbers. The general formula states that B_n(x)=e^(-x)sum_(k=0)^infty(k^n)/(k!)x^k, (1) where B_n(x) is a Bell polynomial (Roman ...

A fiber bundle (also called simply a bundle) with fiber F is a map f:E->B where E is called the total space of the fiber bundle and B the base space of the fiber bundle. The ...

In the Minkowski space of special relativity, a four-vector is a four-element vector x^mu=(x^0,x^1,x^2,x^3) that transforms under a Lorentz transformation like the position ...

The free module of rank n over a nonzero unit ring R, usually denoted R^n, is the set of all sequences {a_1,a_2,...,a_n} that can be formed by picking n (not necessarily ...

The Glaisher-Kinkelin constant A is defined by lim_(n->infty)(H(n))/(n^(n^2/2+n/2+1/12)e^(-n^2/4))=A (1) (Glaisher 1878, 1894, Voros 1987), where H(n) is the hyperfactorial, ...

There are several definitions of the strength of a graph. Harary and Palmer (1959) and Harary and Palmer (1973, p. 66) define the strength of a tree as the maximum number of ...

The homotopy groups generalize the fundamental group to maps from higher dimensional spheres, instead of from the circle. The nth homotopy group of a topological space X is ...

A group whose group operation is identified with multiplication. As with normal multiplication, the multiplication operation on group elements is either denoted by a raised ...

The normal vector, often simply called the "normal," to a surface is a vector which is perpendicular to the surface at a given point. When normals are considered on closed ...