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The upper irredundance number IR(G) of a graph G is the maximum size of an irredundant set of vertices in G. It is therefore equal to the size of a maximum irredundant set as ...

For any two nonzero p-adic numbers a and b, the Hilbert symbol is defined as (a,b)={1 if z^2=ax^2+by^2 has a nonzero solution; -1 otherwise. (1) If the p-adic field is not ...

Given a "good" graph G (i.e., one for which all intersecting graph edges intersect in a single point and arise from four distinct graph vertices), the crossing number is the ...

A floating-point number is a finite or infinite number that is representable in a floating-point format, i.e., a floating-point representation that is not a NaN. In the IEEE ...

The Gelfond-Schneider constant is the number 2^(sqrt(2))=2.66514414... (OEIS A007507) that is known to be transcendental by Gelfond's theorem. Both the Gelfand-Schneider ...

A type of number involving the roots of unity which was developed by Kummer while trying to solve Fermat's last theorem. Although factorization over the integers is unique ...

A nonnegative matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a nonnegative number, i.e., a_(ij)>=0 for all i, j. Nonnegative matrices are ...

An odd alternating permutation number, more commonly called an Euler number or secant number.

100=10^2. Madachy (1979) gives a number of algebraic equations using the digits 1 to 9 which evaluate to 100, such as (7-5)^2+96+8-4-3-1 = 100 (1) 3^2+91+7+8-6-5-4 = 100 (2) ...

Pre-Algebra