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The Lebesgue identity is the algebraic identity (Nagell 1951, pp. 194-195).

The identities between the symmetric polynomials Pi_k(x_1,...,x_n) and the sums of kth powers of their variables S_k(x_1,...,x_n)=sum_(j=1)^nx_j^k. (1) The identities are ...

Polynomial identities involving sums and differences of like powers include x^2-y^2 = (x-y)(x+y) (1) x^3-y^3 = (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2) (2) x^3+y^3 = (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2) (3) x^4-y^4 = ...

Rényi's polynomial is the polynomial (Rényi 1947, Coppersmith and Davenport 1991) that has 29 terms and whose square has 28, making it a sparse polynomial square.

Algebra

Given a number n, Fermat's factorization methods look for integers x and y such that n=x^2-y^2. Then n=(x-y)(x+y) (1) and n is factored. A modified form of this observation ...

A set n distinct numbers taken from the interval [1,n^2] form a magic series if their sum is the nth magic constant M_n=1/2n(n^2+1) (Kraitchik 1942, p. 143). If the sum of ...

To define a recurring digital invariant of order k, compute the sum of the kth powers of the digits of a number n. If this number n^' is equal to the original number n, then ...

The square-triangle theorem states that any nonnegative integer can be represented as the sum of a square, an even square, and a triangular number (Sun 2005), i.e., ...

A Woodall prime is a Woodall number W_n=2^nn-1 that is prime. The first few Woodall primes are 7, 23, 383, 32212254719, 2833419889721787128217599, ... (OEIS A050918), ...