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If sets E and F are independent, then so are E and F^', where F^' is the complement of F (i.e., the set of all possible outcomes not contained in F). Let union denote "or" ...

In space, the only conformal mappings are inversions, similarity transformations, and congruence transformations. Or, restated, every angle-preserving transformation is a ...

The lengths of the tangents from a point P to a conic C are proportional to the cube roots of the radii of curvature of C at the corresponding points of contact.

Let M be a finitely generated module over a commutative Noetherian ring R. Then there exists a finite set {N_i|1<=i<=l} of submodules of M such that 1. intersection ...

Let V and W be vector spaces over a field F, and let T:V->W be a linear transformation. Assuming the dimension of V is finite, then dim(V)=dim(Ker(T))+dim(Im(T)), where ...

The space of immersions of a manifold in another manifold is homotopically equivalent to the space of bundle injections from the tangent space of the first to the tangent ...

In a network with three graph edges at each graph vertex, the number of Hamiltonian cycles through a specified graph edge is 0 or even.

A special case of Apollonius' problem requiring the determination of a circle touching three mutually tangent circles (also called the kissing circles problem). There are two ...

In this illusion, the vertical lines in the above figure are parallel, but appear to be tilted at an angle. In 1860, F. Zöllner sent his discovery in a letter to physicist ...

As originally stated by Gould (1972), GCD{(n-1; k),(n; k-1),(n+1; k+1)} =GCD{(n-1; k-1),(n; k+1),(n+1; k)}, (1) where GCD is the greatest common divisor and (n; k) is a ...