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In general, the word "complement" refers to that subset F^' of some set S which excludes a given subset F. Taking F and its complement F^' together then gives the whole of ...

Topology is the mathematical study of the properties that are preserved through deformations, twistings, and stretchings of objects. Tearing, however, is not allowed. A ...

The Lambert W-function, also called the omega function, is the inverse function of f(W)=We^W. (1) The plot above shows the function along the real axis. The principal value ...

An (ordinary) torus is a surface having genus one, and therefore possessing a single "hole" (left figure). The single-holed "ring" torus is known in older literature as an ...

Perspective is the art and mathematics of realistically depicting three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional plane, sometimes called centric or natural perspective to ...

Let P be a finite partially ordered set, then an antichain in P is a set of pairwise incomparable elements. Antichains are also called Sperner systems in older literature ...

Two lines that lie on top of one another are called coincident lines.

Two lines in hyperbolic geometry which diverge from each other in both directions.

Let R be a plane region bounded above by a continuous curve y=f(x), below by the x-axis, and on the left and right by x=a and x=b, then the volume of the solid of revolution ...

A plane coordinate system whose axes are not perpendicular. The x-coordinate of a point P is the abscissa of its projection onto the x-axis in the direction of the y-axis, ...