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The thickness (or depth) t(G) (Skiena 1990, p. 251; Beineke 1997) or theta(G) (Harary 1994, p. 120) of a graph G is the minimum number of planar edge-induced subgraphs P_i of ...

The answer to the question "which fits better, a round peg in a square hole, or a square peg in a round hole?" can be interpreted as asking which is larger, the ratio of the ...

The triangular orthobicupola is Johnson solid J_(27), consisting of eight equilateral triangles and six squares. If a triangular orthobicupola is oriented with triangles on ...

The tensor defined by T^l_(jk)=-(Gamma^l_(jk)-Gamma^l_(kj)), where Gamma^l_(jk) are Christoffel symbols of the first kind.

A cubic map is three-colorable iff each interior region is bounded by an even number of regions. A non-cubic map bounded by an even number of regions is not necessarily ...

The objective of global optimization is to find the globally best solution of (possibly nonlinear) models, in the (possible or known) presence of multiple local optima. ...

A sphere is defined as the set of all points in three-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 that are located at a distance r (the "radius") from a given point (the "center"). Twice ...

A complete graph is a graph in which each pair of graph vertices is connected by an edge. The complete graph with n graph vertices is denoted K_n and has (n; 2)=n(n-1)/2 (the ...

An algebraic identity is a mathematical identity involving algebraic functions. Examples include the Euler four-square identity, Fibonacci identity, Lebesgue identity, and ...

The asterisk *, also called a "star," is used for a number of different purposed in mathematics. The most common usage is to denote multiplication so, for example, 2*3=2×3=6. ...