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A cograph (or "complement-reducible graph") is simple graph defined by the criteria 1. K_1 is a cograph, 2. If X is a cograph, then so is its graph complement, and 3. If X ...

A convex polyhedron can be defined algebraically as the set of solutions to a system of linear inequalities mx<=b, where m is a real s×3 matrix and b is a real s-vector. ...

A Lorentz transformation is a four-dimensional transformation x^('mu)=Lambda^mu_nux^nu, (1) satisfied by all four-vectors x^nu, where Lambda^mu_nu is a so-called Lorentz ...

A group whose group operation is identified with multiplication. As with normal multiplication, the multiplication operation on group elements is either denoted by a raised ...

For every dimension n>0, the orthogonal group O(n) is the group of n×n orthogonal matrices. These matrices form a group because they are closed under multiplication and ...

Skewness is a measure of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution. If the left tail (tail at small end of the distribution) is more pronounced than the right tail (tail at ...

Transfinite induction, like regular induction, is used to show a property P(n) holds for all numbers n. The essential difference is that regular induction is restricted to ...

Transitivity is a result of the symmetry in the group. A group G is called transitive if its group action (understood to be a subgroup of a permutation group on a set Omega) ...

Two lattice points (x,y) and (x^',y^') are mutually visible if the line segment joining them contains no further lattice points. This corresponds to the requirement that ...

There are a great many beautiful identities involving q-series, some of which follow directly by taking the q-analog of standard combinatorial identities, e.g., the ...