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The set of elements belonging to one but not both of two given sets. It is therefore the union of the complement of A with respect to B and B with respect to A, and ...

Let (L,<=) be any complete lattice. Suppose f:L->L is monotone increasing (or isotone), i.e., for all x,y in L, x<=y implies f(x)<=f(y). Then the set of all fixed points of f ...

Let G be a group having normal subgroups H and K with H subset= K. Then K/H⊴G/H and (G/H)/(K/H)=G/K, where N⊴G indicates that N is a normal subgroup of G and G=H indicates ...

A divergenceless field can be partitioned into a toroidal and a poloidal part. This separation is important in geo- and heliophysics, and in particular in dynamo theory and ...

Let H be a Hilbert space and (e_i)_(i in I) an orthonormal basis for H. The set of all products of two Hilbert-Schmidt operators is denoted N(H), and its elements are called ...

A tree decomposition is a mapping of a graph into a related tree with desirable properties that allow it to be used to efficiently compute certain properties (e.g., ...

A triangle-free graph is a graph containing no graph cycles of length three. A simple graph is triangle-free iff Tr(A^3)=0, where A is the adjacency matrix of the graph and ...

Given a triangle with angles (pi/p, pi/q, pi/r), the resulting symmetry group is called a (p,q,r) triangle group (also known as a spherical tessellation). In three ...

A multivariate normal distribution in three variables. It has probability density function (1) where (2) The standardized trivariate normal distribution takes unit variances ...

The trivial group, denoted E or <e>, sometimes also called the identity group, is the unique (up to isomorphism) group containing exactly one element e, the identity element. ...