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The Copeland-Erdős constant is the constant with decimal expansion 0.23571113171923... (OEIS A033308) obtained by concatenating consecutive primes: 2, 23, 235, 2357, 235711, ...

In one dimension, the Gaussian function is the probability density function of the normal distribution, f(x)=1/(sigmasqrt(2pi))e^(-(x-mu)^2/(2sigma^2)), (1) sometimes also ...

Flat polygons embedded in three-space can be transformed into a congruent planar polygon as follows. First, translate the starting vertex to (0, 0, 0) by subtracting it from ...

The probability Q_delta that a random sample from an infinite normally distributed universe will have a mean m within a distance |delta| of the mean mu of the universe is ...

In general, groups are not Abelian. However, there is always a group homomorphism h:G->G^' to an Abelian group, and this homomorphism is called Abelianization. The ...

The bootstrap method is a computer-based method for assigning measures of accuracy to sample estimates (Efron and Tibshirani 1994). This technique allows estimation of the ...

Differential entropy differs from normal or absolute entropy in that the random variable need not be discrete. Given a continuous random variable X with a probability density ...

A series suma(n)e^(-lambda(n)z), where a(n) and z are complex and {lambda(n)} is a monotonic increasing sequence of real numbers. The numbers lambda(n) are called the ...

The normal to an ellipse at a point P intersects the ellipse at another point Q. The angle corresponding to Q can be found by solving the equation (P-Q)·(dP)/(dt)=0 (1) for ...

In predicate calculus, an existential formula is a prenex normal form formula (i.e., a formula written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables followed by a ...