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An optical illusion, illustrated above, in which the eye perceives a white upright equilateral triangle where none is actually drawn.

The circuit rank gamma, also denoted mu (Volkmann 1996, Babić et al. 2002) or beta (White 2001, p. 56) and known as the cycle rank (e.g., White 2001, p. 56), (first) graph ...

Backgammon is a board game played by two players. The backgammon board is divided into four sections of six triangular regions on which pieces may be placed. Brown and white ...

The Sierpiński carpet is the fractal illustrated above which may be constructed analogously to the Sierpiński sieve, but using squares instead of triangles. It can be ...

Regardless of where one white and one black square are deleted from an ordinary 8×8 chessboard, the reduced board can always be covered exactly with 31 dominoes (of dimension ...

The illusion shown above which was discovered by Helmholtz in the 19th century. Despite the fact that the two above figures are identical in size, the white hole looks bigger ...

The Goffinet dragon is the fractal obtained by plotting all points spanned by powers of the complex number p=0.65-0.3i (Trott 2004, p. 9).

A number of fractal curves are associated with Peano. The Peano curve is the fractal curve illustrated above which can be written as a Lindenmayer system. The nth iteration ...

The upper-trimmed subsequence of x={x_n} is the sequence lambda(x) obtained by dropping the first occurrence of n for each n. If x is a fractal sequence, then lambda(x)=x.

Archimedes' cattle problem, also called the bovinum problema, or Archimedes' reverse, is stated as follows: "The sun god had a herd of cattle consisting of bulls and cows, ...