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The Shaw Prizes are $1 million cash awards offered annually by Run Run Shaw (b. 1907), a longtime movie and television producer. There are prizes for astronomy, life science ...

Simple harmonic motion refers to the periodic sinusoidal oscillation of an object or quantity. Simple harmonic motion is executed by any quantity obeying the differential ...

The theory of analyzing a decision between a collection of alternatives made by a collection of n voters with separate opinions. Any choice for the entire group should ...

A sparse matrix is a matrix that allows special techniques to take advantage of the large number of "background" (commonly zero) elements. The number of zeros a matrix needs ...

Stadium billiards refers to the investigation of the path of a billiard ball on a stadium-shaped billiard table, as first investigated by Bunimovich (1974).

A recursive function devised by I. Takeuchi in 1978 (Knuth 1998). For integers x, y, and z, it is defined by (1) This can be described more simply by t(x,y,z)={y if x<=y; {z ...

The vector Laplacian can be generalized to yield the tensor Laplacian A_(munu;lambda)^(;lambda) = (g^(lambdakappa)A_(munu;lambda))_(;kappa) (1) = ...

Three point geometry is a finite geometry subject to the following four axioms: 1. There exist exactly three points. 2. Two distinct points are on exactly one line. 3. Not ...

Toroidal functions are a class of functions also called ring functions that appear in systems having toroidal symmetry. Toroidal functions can be expressed in terms of the ...

A square matrix with nonzero elements only on the diagonal and slots horizontally or vertically adjacent the diagonal (i.e., along the subdiagonal and superdiagonal), [a_(11) ...