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Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture, published in 1973, asserts that the two-point correlation function R_2(r) for the zeros of the Riemann zeta function zeta(z) on the ...

A second-order partial differential equation arising in physics, del ^2psi=-4pirho. If rho=0, it reduces to Laplace's equation. It is also related to the Helmholtz ...

A pseudoinverse is a matrix inverse-like object that may be defined for a complex matrix, even if it is not necessarily square. For any given complex matrix, it is possible ...

The signature of a non-degenerate quadratic form Q=y_1^2+y_2^2+...+y_p^2-y_(p+1)^2-y_(p+2)^2-...-y_r^2 of rank r is most often defined to be the ordered pair (p,q)=(p,r-p) of ...

A generalization of the binomial coefficient whose notation was suggested by Knuth, |_n; k]=(|_n]!)/(|_k]!|_n-k]!), (1) where |_n] is a Roman factorial. The above expression ...

The Schröder-Bernstein theorem for numbers states that if n<=m<=n, then m=n. For sets, the theorem states that if there are injections of the set A into the set B and of B ...

The Zipf distribution, sometimes referred to as the zeta distribution, is a discrete distribution commonly used in linguistics, insurance, and the modelling of rare events. ...

A random walk is a sequence of discrete steps in which each step is randomly taken subject to some set of restrictions in allowed directions and step lengths. Random walks ...

The one-dimensional wave equation is given by (partial^2psi)/(partialx^2)=1/(v^2)(partial^2psi)/(partialt^2). (1) In order to specify a wave, the equation is subject to ...

Zeno's paradoxes are a set of four paradoxes dealing with counterintuitive aspects of continuous space and time. 1. Dichotomy paradox: Before an object can travel a given ...