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The word "spectrum" confusingly has a number of unrelated meanings in various branches of mathematics.

The robustness of a given outcome to small changes in initial conditions or small random fluctuations. Chaos is an example of a process which is not stable.

A quantity which is subtracted from another (the minuend).

A connection on a vector bundle pi:E->M is a way to "differentiate" bundle sections, in a way that is analogous to the exterior derivative df of a function f. In particular, ...

The Alexander invariant H_*(X^~) of a knot K is the homology of the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of K, considered as a module over Lambda, the ring of integral ...

Bailey's transformation is the very general hypergeometric transformation (1) where k=1+2a-b-c-d, and the parameters are subject to the restriction b+c+d+e+f+g-m=2+3a (2) ...

A description of an object by properties that are different from those mentioned in its definition, but are equivalent to them. The following list gives a number of examples. ...

Correlation is the degree to which two or more quantities are linearly associated. In a two-dimensional plot, the degree of correlation between the values on the two axes is ...

7 7 6 6 3 1; 6 5 4 2 ; 3 3 ; 2 A descending plane partition of order n is a two-dimensional array (possibly empty) of positive integers less than or equal to n such that the ...

The term energy has an important physical meaning in physics and is an extremely useful concept. There are several forms energy defined in mathematics. In measure theory, let ...