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A linear real-valued function omega^1 of vectors v such that omega^1(v)|->R. Vectors (i.e., contravariant vectors or "kets" |psi>) and one-forms (i.e., covariant vectors or ...

The addition of two quantities, i.e., a plus b. The operation is denoted a+b, and the symbol + is called the plus sign. Floating-point addition is sometimes denoted direct ...

A pullback is a general categorical operation appearing in a number of mathematical contexts, sometimes going under a different name. If T:V->W is a linear transformation ...

The operation of taking an nth root of a number.

A number taken to the power 2 is said to be squared, so x^2 is called "x squared." This terminology derives from the fact that the area of a square of edge length x is given ...

Subtraction is the operation of taking the difference d=x-y of two numbers x and y. Here, x is called the minuend, y is called the subtrahend, and the symbol between the x ...

The operation of multiplication, i.e., a times b. Various notations are a×b, a·b, a*b, ab, and (a)(b). The "multiplication sign" × is based on Saint Andrew's cross (Bergamini ...

A unar is an algebra A=(A,f), where f is a single unary operation.

Let (K,|·|) be a valuated field. The valuation group G is defined to be the set G={|x|:x in K,x!=0}, with the group operation being multiplication. It is a subgroup of the ...

The connective in logic corresponding to the exclusive nor operation. A XNOR B is equivalent to (A ^ B) v (!A ^ !B), where ^ denotes AND, v denotes OR, and !A denotes NOT. ...